Dr. Howard Shrobe is Assistant Director for Intelligent Systems and Software Technology of DARPA's Information Technology Office. He directs programs in the areas of Information Survivability, Software Engineering, and Artificial Intelligence. Dr. Shrobe is on loan to DARPA from MIT where he is a Principal Research Scientist in the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory. Dr. Shrobe received his M.S. and Ph.D. from the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory at MIT where he was a co-founder of the Programmer's Apprentice project.

Howard Shrobe was Technical Director of Symbolics Inc. His work has spanned the areas of VLSI design, computer architecture, and artificial intelligence. In 1978 he joined the staff of the MIT AI Lab as a Principal Research Scientist and in that role was one of the main designers of the Scheme-81 microprocessor (a LISP interpreter on a chip) and the DPL/Daedalus Integrated Circuit Design. He also helped found the Hardware Troubleshooting Project at the MIT AI Lab and is currently conducting research on designing and understanding mechanisms. At Symbolics, Dr. Shrobe was one of the architects of the Ivory microprocessor and of the NS CAD system used to design it. Since that time he has led the effort to develop Joshua, an AI programming language which introduced the notion of a Protocol of Inference. Dr. Shrobe is co-author (with David Barstow and Eric Sandewall) of Interactive Programming Environments and editor of Exploring Artificial Intelligence: Surveys from the National Conferences on Artificial Intelligence. He is a Fellow of the AAAI.

PRESIDENT'S COMMISSION ON CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION PO BOX 46258 WASHINGTON DC 20050-6258

David V. Keyes has been an Agent of the Federal Bureau of Investigation for nearly twenty-six years. He has served in field investigative, supervisory and management positions in Omaha, Chicago, San Diego, and Bonn, Germany. He has held supervisory, management and senior management positions during three tours of duty at FBI Headquarters. His investigative and managerial assignments have included responsibilities in a broad range of the FBI's criminal, national security and counterterrorism programs.

His involvement with high-technology matters began when he was detailed to the National Security Council in 1978-79, where he coordinated an interagency effort to improve law enforcement support to United States export controls and was the principal drafter of the ensuing report to the President.

In 1988, he coordinated the FBI support to the Subcommittee on Technology and the Law, Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate in their hearings on Terrorism and Technology.

In 1995, the Deputy Attorney General selected him to participate in the Critical Infrastructure Working Group (CIWG) which she chaired. The CIWG examined threats to and vulnerabilities of critical U.S. infrastructures, and, through a report to a Cabinet Committee, made several recommendations to the President. One recommendation resulted in the establishment of the President's Commission on Critical Infrastructure Protection (PCCIP).

Since August 1996, he has served as a Commissioner on the PCCIP.

In 1970, he received a Bachelor of Arts degree in Political Science from the University of Utah, where he also participated as a Legislative Intern in the Hinckley Institute of Politics.